The Apex and .NET Basics Module introduces you to the similarities between the two programming languages, including a head start in Apex. The units and their short descriptions can be found below.
Unit I. Map .NET Concepts to the Lightning Platform: 25 minutes
This unit teaches you the key features that comprise the Lightning Platform as well as the Apex language for programming. It also compares and contrasts the Lightning Platform and .NET, introduces you to the Develop Console and how to use it; and teaches you how to involve an Apex class so that you can invoke a method through Anonymous Apex.
The Lightning Platform is a software-as-a-service (SaaS) platform whose data relies on meta-data driven architecture. This means that the code, the configuration, and the apps in the platform are all specified as metadata.
Unit II. Understand Execution Context: 20 minutes
This unit teaches you how to invoke Apex through various methods; how to create a trigger for an object in Salesforce; allows you to familiarize yourself on how the execution context works; and helps you understand the impact of governor limits on design patterns and the necessity of bulk operations.
Unit III. Use Asynchronous Apex: 15 minutes
This unit teaches you should use Asynchronous Apex, the methods in handling a web callout, how to manage batchable interface in order to process a huge number of records, and helps you understand the benefits of utilizing queueable interfaces.
Unit IV. Debug and Run Diagnostics: 15 minutes
The Lightning Platform has debugging features, and this unit will teach you those as well as how you can use the Log Inspector in the Developer Console in order to analyze debug logs.
A related trail for you to learn is how to apply your .NET skills in to Salesforce.